Case Study on Pneumonia Free Essays

Case Study: Pneumonia and Pressure Ulcer Prevention in an Elderly MICU Patient June 6, 2012 Case Study: Pneumonia and Sepsis in an Elderly MICU Patient L. M. is a 75-year-old female who suffers from severe dementia and lives in a SNF. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study on Pneumonia or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2005 and as a result had a right upper and middle lobectomy. She also has a history of severe emphysema. L. M. has had several pneumonic infections and has an allergy to Pneumovax. She has a recurrent aspiration risk and received a tracheostomy and a PEG tube in January 2012. On Aril 25, 2012, L. M. was found to be increasingly fatigued, somnolent, and had shortness of breath accompanied with tachycardia as witnessed by the staff at the SNF. When she arrived at the emergency department, she was tachycardic with a heart rate in the 130-140’s and tachypnic with a respiration rate in the 30-40’s. L. M. , who normally depends on 2 liters of oxygen at home, desaturated to 88% requiring oxygen support increased to 4 liters. Her baseline systolic blood pressure is 100-110 and it was measured in the low 90’s in the ED. She also had an increased temperature of 38. degrees Celsius. As a result of L. M. ’s increase in temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate accompanied with pneumonia, the emergency department treated her for sepsis. Labs drawn showed an increase in white blood cells and lactic acid, as well as an increase in PC02 and a decrease in PO2. She was aggressively resuscitated with IV boluses as necessary followed by maintenance normal saline. She was also administered Vancomycin, Cefepime, Azithromycin, and Metronidazole. In addition, her chest x-ray illustrated a near complete opacification of the right lung field. She was diagnosed with sepsis secondary to pneumonia complicated by a right lower lung collapse due to mucus plugging. I assumed care of L. M. in the MICU ten days after her admission in the ED. She had been intubated and put on a mechanical ventilator. She was put on pressure support mode at a rate of 10, PEEP of 5, Fi02 of 40%, and her tidal volumes averaged around 230. She had three bronchoscopies, however, there was still evidence of mucous plugs and L. M. was unable to clear lung secretions. Respiratory therapy attempted to decrease the pressure support on the ventilator but L. M. showed increased signs of respiratory distress. At the point that I took over care for the patient, my goals were: prevent aspiration and further spread of infection and improve ventilation and perfusion. Interventions for my patient to prevent aspirations and decrease risk of further infection included suction contaminated secretions, raise the head of the bed, and use of Chlorexidine wash. Protocol for suctioning an intubated patient in the MICU is every 4 hours or more frequently if necessary depending on the patient. L. M. ad a history of recurrent aspirations and was at risk for increased infection because she was on a ventilator. â€Å"Closure of the glottis prevents aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. When a patient is intubated with an endotracheal tube, the glottis remains open, leaving only the inflated cuff for protection against aspiration (Bennett, Bertrand, Penoyer, Sole Talbert, 2011). † Therefore, routine suctioning helps to eliminate the pooling of sec retions above the cuff of the endotracheal tube, where aspiration is most likely to occur. In addition, raising the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees decreases aspiration and the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. â€Å"The single most cost-free intervention found to reduce the incidence of VAP is elevation of the HOB (Stonecypher, 2010). † Although my patient was already diagnosed with pneumonia, it was important to prevent the spread of the infection to the healthy portion of her lungs or have a recurrence of sepsis. Chlorehexidine is an antiseptic that has been proven to inhibit dental plaque formation and gingivitis. I swabbed my patient’s mouth with Chlorhexidine once a shift as a protocol in her plan of care. The use of an antiseptic solution helps to decrease the amount of bacteria in the oral mucosa and thus prevents the colonization of bacteria in the respiratory tract (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). Another important intervention was to maintain the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees and position L. M. ’s left lung into a dependent position to improve ventilation and perfusion. L. M. ’s O2 was decreased to 63 and her CO2 was increased to 50. According to the IHI, it is recommended to elevate the bed to 30- 45 degrees to improve ventilation. Patients that lay in the supine position have lower spontaneous tidal volumes on pressure support ventilation compared to those laying at more of an angle (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). In regards to positioning, when the least damaged portion of the lung is placed in a dependent position it receives preferential blood flow. This redistribution of blood flow helps match ventilation and perfusion, therefore, improving gas exchange (Lough, Stacy Urden, 2010). Implementing these interventions combined with respiratory therapy, significantly improved the blood gas values for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. â€Å"Pressure ulcers are key clinical indicators of the standard and effectiveness of care (Elliott, Fox McKinley, 2008). † L. M. was at high risk for pressure ulcers for multiple factors such as immobility, poor nutrition, age, and health. Therefore, I used the Braden Scale as a quality indicator in order to assess the risk of pressure ulcers and also to initiate prevention. The Braden Scale assesses pressure sore risks by examining certain criteria: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and fiction and shear. Each category is rated on a scale of 1-4, with the exception of the friction and shear category that is rated on a scale of 1-3. There is a possible score of 23. If a patient has a higher score, they are less susceptible to development of a pressure ulcer and vice versa. In the category of sensory perception, I rated L. M. at a 2 because she only responded to painful stimuli but could not communicate discomfort with the exception of restlessness. I scored her at a 2 in the moisture criteria because she was often diaphoretic because of increased heart rate, increased respirations, and her linens had to be changed once a shift. In terms of activity, she was a 1 because she was confined to a bed both at the hospital and at the SNF she lived in. L. M. was very limited in her mobility and would only make occasional slight changes in her body position; therefore, I assessed her to be a 2. I rated her nutrition at a 2 because she weighed 84 pounds and was on tube feeding that seemed inadequate o meet her nutritional needs. In the last category, friction and shear, I gave her a 1 since she required maximum assistance in moving. She would frequently slide down in her hospital bed and required frequent repositioning. L. M. ’s cumulative score was a 10, which is considered a high risk for developing a pressure ulcer. â€Å"Prevention of pressure ulcers is a fundamental aspect of intensive care nursing, and quality improvement me thods are arguably the most cost-effective and intuitive approach to addressing this potentially serious problem (Elliott, Fox McKinley, 2008). One of the interventions I implemented in order to prevent pressure ulcers in my patient was the use of support surfaces. The use of a pressure-redistributing mattress and pillow supports under bony prominences, assist in relieving pressure that the patient’s body weight has on the skin when lying in bed for a pro-longed amount of time. If the pressure is not alleviated it can lead to impaired circulation, damage to the skin, and eventually tissue death (Gill, Reddy Ronchon, 2006). In order to further promote patient care, it is necessary to educate the patient, family, and/or caregivers. There are several different factors that could help to ensure a better quality of life for L. M. Consistent trach care and good oral hygiene can reduce the risk of bacteria entering the airways and causing recurrent respiratory infections. It is important for L. M. to maintain an elevation of the head of the bed to prevent aspiration and improve ventilation. Furthermore, frequent repositioning and the use of supportive devices is imperative to maintain skin integrity. It will also be crucial to monitor L. M. ’s vital signs to be able to recognize a recurrence of pneumonia or sepsis. References Bennett, M. , Bertrand, M. , Penoyer, D. A. , Sole, M. L. , Talbert, S. (2011). Oropharyngeal secretion volume in intubated patients: The importance of oral suctioning. American Hournal of Critical Care, 20(6), 141-145. Elliott, R. , Fox, V. , McKinley, S. (2008). Quality improvement program to reduce the prevalence of pressure ulcers in an intesive care unit. American Journal of Critical Care, 17(4), 328-334. Retrieved from http://ajcc. aacnjournals. org/content/17/4/328. full Gill, S. S. , Reddy, M. , Ronchon, P. A. (2006). Preventing pressure ulcers: A systematic review. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(8), Retrieved from http://jama. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? volume=296issue=8page=974 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator bundle: Daily oral care with chlorhexidine. Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Retrieved from http://www. ihi. org/knowledge/Pages/Changes/DailyOralCarewithChlorhexidine. spx Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator bundle: Elevation of the head of the bed. Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Retrieved from http://www. ihi. org/knowledge/Pages/Changes/ElevationoftheHeadoftheBed. aspx Lough, M. E. , Stacy, K. M. , Urden, L. D. (2010). Critical care nursing. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Stonecypher, K. (2010). Ventilator-associated pneumonia: The importance of oral care in intubated adults. Cr titical Care Nursing Quarterly, 33(4), 339-347. How to cite Case Study on Pneumonia, Free Case study samples

This scientific paper gives a ... free essay sample

This scientific paper gives a brief evaluation about the Salmonella and shigella: these are the kind of bacteria which are responsible for causing diarrhoea, a survey was conducted in Ethiopia between 417 people who were concerned with food handling and management. The stool samples were collected for determination of salmonella and shigella by using advanced microbiological techniques. It was concluded that both species were 76.2% and 71.4% resistant to tetracycline and amoxicillin respectively, food handlers were mainly accountable for food poisoning and contamination which lead to presence of salmonella and shigella in stool. Suitable methods should be applied in the universitys cafeteria for maintenance of hygienic and healthy environment. The Study was conducted among the people of Ethiopia associated with food handling who were working in Haramaya University cafeterias. Salmonella and shigella are the type of bacteria which are responsible for causing diarrhoea and dysentery in humans.Shigella commonly causes an intestinal diseases called shigellosis. We will write a custom essay sample on This scientific paper gives a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is transmitted from an infected to healthy person through contaminated objects, food and water, the pathogen enters the intestine and then to supplementary parts through body fluids. Its symptoms are stool with excess mucus and blood clots, constipation, abdominal pain and cramps which takes usually 1-2 days to a week to develop.Salmonella: these are gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, infection occurs through food and water contaminated with salmonella serotypes, pathogen resides in the large intestine of human, animals or in the effluent. House flies act as a mechanical carriers for the transfer of parasites from faeces of infected to healthy person, its symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea. METHODS:Study analysing: a survey was conducted among the asymptomatic food handlers in Haramaya University, Ethiopia. Sample size and sampling technique: the specimens of stool size was calculated using population proportion formula by taking a projected ratio of salmonella and shigella. The sample size of first outcome was 384, however the concluding was determined as 422. The people who were not using any antimicrobial in last two weeks were also involved in the analysis, Human resource management executive board of Haramaya University obtained broad sequence of asymptomatic food handlers. Data collection procedure and sample collection: a feedback form was prepared and the data was collected among the food handlers, the stool samples were maintained in a sterile environment and passed through waterproof test tube containing a Cary Blair (a transport media for anaerobic bacteria) transferring media, and further transferred in the temperature measured cold container to the microbio logy laboratory.Culture isolation and classification: 25g of stool sample was centrifuged in a blender comprising 225ml of buffered peptone water for 1 minute, 1ml of aliquot was added to 10ml of selenite in addition to incubation at 37Â °C. Followed by incubation of culture overnight, with the help of a loop the culture was streaked on xylose lysine deoxycholate (kind of agar used as a medium in the isolation of salmonella and shigella) agar plate and again incubated overnight at 37Â °C. After completion of incubation, the culture plates were observed for the detection of salmonella spp. (Red-pink with a dark centre colonies) and shigella spp. (red-pink colonies). Culture positive bacteria were identified by their motility, microbiological tests, iodine test, after incubation of all culture for 24-48 hrs. At 37Â °C the end result were measured. The structure of isolated samples were categorized thoroughly by means of gram staining technique. Socio-demographic characteristics: 417 food workers were registered in this survey, 79. 4% were females, and the extreme number of members age was between 31 and 40 years, with majority married and rest aided as food handler for more than five years. Predominance of salmonella and shigella ssp.: the overall presence were 5.04% among which 3.6% 1.4% were salmonella and shigella respectively, the most repeatedly isolated salmonella spp. was s. typhi (2.2%) subsequently s.paratyphi(1%), salmonella and shigella were more dominant amongst females, people aged above 40 years, and food workers of cafeteria.Antimicrobial liability configuration: majority of salmonella and shigella isolated were equally vulnerable to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, 81% to ceftriaxone and norfloxacin. Advanced rate of ability to withstand (76.2%) was observed in co-trimoxazole and tetracycline, salmonella typhi was highly vulnerable to ceftazidime (100%), 1norfloxacin (88.9%), and 77.8% to both ceftriaxone and gentamicin.Shigella species were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 83.3% vulnerable to ceftriaxone and norfloxacin, on the other hand resistance to tetracycline was 83.3% and co-trimoxazole was 667%, salmonella and shigella were isolated from the stool sample of asymptomatic food handlers working in cafeteria of Haramaya university, eastern Ethiopia.

Founding fathers of sociology Essay Example

Founding fathers of sociology Essay Descried by some as the father of American sociology, Lester F. Ward, botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist contended that our sex behavior is greatly overlaid with a deep coat of habit and sentiment, built up under social stimulation. Yet, it must be taken into account in considering social interrelations. Certainly it is connected with the family, that matrix of so much that is port of the social order that we maintain in modern society. â€Å"Rivalry, mastery and kindred trends fall, in short, into a general hunting type of mind which Dewey earlier had discussed in another connection. This hunting pattern of mind is an extremely useful concept because it goes far in explaining the modifications of pursuit and capture, rivalry and mastery which we find in modern society, which the older intellectualistic position of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries did not take into account.† (Elmer et al, 1925, p. 171)   Ward theorized present society that poverty could b e minimized or eliminated by the systematic intervention of society. Mankind wasnt helpless before the impersonal force of nature and evolution.   Through the power of Mind, man could take control of the situation and direct the evolution of human society. Karl Mannheim sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology took issue with modern society, elite selection takes three major forms, the first, â€Å"bureaucratic advancement, secondly, unregulated competition and third, class pressures. People who rise into elite positions show marked differences, depending on which of these three mechanisms was operative in their ascent.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100)   The bureaucratic type of elite selection favours methodical workers who have a flair for meeting every situation in terms of prescriptions previously laid down. According to Mannheim principles, the elite perspective must be limited to rules and regulations; individuals who show free-ranging interests and inclinations, in essence, a threat to status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"A significant trend of modern society may be seen in the fact that each group tends to evolve its own perspective and to feel uncommitted by the public interpretation of the existing order.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100) Maximilian Weber was a German political economist and sociologist, considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration.   Weber introduced anti-positivism (humanistic sociology). According to this view, which is closely related to anti-naturalism, sociological research must concentrate on humans cultural values. With regard to another pressing issue, Weber insisted on a reinterpretation of Marxism. Marx drew attention to the separation of the worker from the means of production. Yet in the modern mass state we are confronted with a much wider phenomenon. â€Å"As it is a simplification to regard the proletariat as a simple homogeneous mass without any differentiations in skill, traditions, behaviour patterns, and social aspirations, so it would be wrong to assume that the proletariat forms the majority of the employed population within the modern highly industrialized state. On both these points Weber insisted and thereby considerably corrected the traditional Marxian interpretation of modern society.† (Mayer, 1956, p. 80) Karl Marx, an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary conveyed proof that in modern society vice is indispensable and useful. This was by no means an apology of modern society. For the proletarians . . . the condition of their existence, labor, and with it all the conditions of existence governing modern society, have become something accidental, something over which they, as separate individuals, have no control, and over which no social organization can give them control. â€Å"The contradiction between the individuality of each separate proletarian and labor, the condition of life forced upon him, becomes evident to him himself, for he is sacrificed from youth upward and, within his own class, has no chance of arriving at the conditions which would place him in the other class.† (Bender, 1986, p. 323) In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (series of essays on religion) Weber puts forward the thesis that the Puritan ethic and ideas influenced the development of capitalism, the foundation of American society. This theory is often viewed as a reversal of Marxs thesis that the economic base of society determines all other aspects of it. Religious devotion has usually been accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. The continuation of Webers interpretation of varying idealologies is not less relevant. Founding fathers of sociology Essay Example Founding fathers of sociology Essay Descried by some as the father of American sociology, Lester F. Ward, botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist contended that our sex behavior is greatly overlaid with a deep coat of habit and sentiment, built up under social stimulation. Yet, it must be taken into account in considering social interrelations. Certainly it is connected with the family, that matrix of so much that is port of the social order that we maintain in modern society. â€Å"Rivalry, mastery and kindred trends fall, in short, into a general hunting type of mind which Dewey earlier had discussed in another connection. This hunting pattern of mind is an extremely useful concept because it goes far in explaining the modifications of pursuit and capture, rivalry and mastery which we find in modern society, which the older intellectualistic position of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries did not take into account.† (Elmer et al, 1925, p. 171)   Ward theorized present society that poverty could b e minimized or eliminated by the systematic intervention of society. Mankind wasnt helpless before the impersonal force of nature and evolution.   Through the power of Mind, man could take control of the situation and direct the evolution of human society. Karl Mannheim sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology took issue with modern society, elite selection takes three major forms, the first, â€Å"bureaucratic advancement, secondly, unregulated competition and third, class pressures. People who rise into elite positions show marked differences, depending on which of these three mechanisms was operative in their ascent.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100)   The bureaucratic type of elite selection favours methodical workers who have a flair for meeting every situation in terms of prescriptions previously laid down. According to Mannheim principles, the elite perspective must be limited to rules and regulations; individuals who show free-ranging interests and inclinations, in essence, a threat to status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Founding fathers of sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"A significant trend of modern society may be seen in the fact that each group tends to evolve its own perspective and to feel uncommitted by the public interpretation of the existing order.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100) Maximilian Weber was a German political economist and sociologist, considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration.   Weber introduced anti-positivism (humanistic sociology). According to this view, which is closely related to anti-naturalism, sociological research must concentrate on humans cultural values. With regard to another pressing issue, Weber insisted on a reinterpretation of Marxism. Marx drew attention to the separation of the worker from the means of production. Yet in the modern mass state we are confronted with a much wider phenomenon. â€Å"As it is a simplification to regard the proletariat as a simple homogeneous mass without any differentiations in skill, traditions, behaviour patterns, and social aspirations, so it would be wrong to assume that the proletariat forms the majority of the employed population within the modern highly industrialized state. On both these points Weber insisted and thereby considerably corrected the traditional Marxian interpretation of modern society.† (Mayer, 1956, p. 80) Karl Marx, an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary conveyed proof that in modern society vice is indispensable and useful. This was by no means an apology of modern society. For the proletarians . . . the condition of their existence, labor, and with it all the conditions of existence governing modern society, have become something accidental, something over which they, as separate individuals, have no control, and over which no social organization can give them control. â€Å"The contradiction between the individuality of each separate proletarian and labor, the condition of life forced upon him, becomes evident to him himself, for he is sacrificed from youth upward and, within his own class, has no chance of arriving at the conditions which would place him in the other class.† (Bender, 1986, p. 323) In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (series of essays on religion) Weber puts forward the thesis that the Puritan ethic and ideas influenced the development of capitalism, the foundation of American society. This theory is often viewed as a reversal of Marxs thesis that the economic base of society determines all other aspects of it. Religious devotion has usually been accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. The continuation of Webers interpretation of varying idealologies is not less relevant.

Free Online Public Schools for Connecticut Students

Free Online Public Schools for Connecticut Students Connecticut offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Connecticut. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Connecticut Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools CT Virtual Learning Center (off-site link) About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing a Connecticut Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

Negative in foreigners worker in the uae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Negative in foreigners worker in the uae - Essay Example United Arab Emirates is geographically located along the desert and mountains in the east. The system of the governance in the United Arab Emirates is federal type of government; this means that the government is composed of legislative, executive and the judicial. The powers are delegated to the United Arab Emirates federal government and the rest of powers are reserved for its members. The president in the United Arab Emirates is the head of the state and the prime minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of the government. United Arab Emirates is known for stable economic growth, this is due to open market economy in which the prices of commodities (goods and services) are always determined in free price systems and this makes United Arab Emirates to stabilize its economy. Like other states world wide where they have to associate themselves with trade organization, United Arab Emirates is a member of council of Arab economic unity (CAEU). United Arab emirate (UAE) is known for high and rising oil prices and good economic growth in the market. The economy of United Arab Emirates from 1999 to 2008 has been growing at a rate of 10%. This gives other states challenges since with a growth of 10%; it indicates UAE is going to offer stiff competition in the international market. Today, the United Arab Emirates is not only relying on the rich oil fields but the country invests in private sectors and infrastructure system so that it can support other programs for example education and health issues. However, even though their economic growth of United Arab Emirates is seen to be stable, the emirates still experience challenges in social, economic, and even environmental areas. This paper discusses how United Arab Emirates have experienced challenges from the foreign workers who reside in the region. How foreign workers are changing the United Arab Emirates culture Due to the high number of foreigners in United Arab Emirates, their culture is being changed and this is posing a great danger to their generation. Again the use of modern technology is still a challenge to them since technology is changing the old norms to digital era. The United Arab Emirates considers its traditions no matter whether the foreigners will change it or the technology. United Arab Emirates is built on generation of Islamic traditions which is passed from generation to generation, Islamic culture is firmly rooted in United Arab Emirates and tribal heritage is considered by the civilians. Today the foreigners who come from many part of countries are changing the traditions and demographics of emirates. For example, the number of foreigners who resided in United Arab Emirates in the year 2005 to date has continued to increase. Foreign workers by nationality and their population nationality Number of foreigners India 1 million Pakistan 650, 000 Philippines 250, 000 Sri lanka 150, 000 Source-(UAE National Bureau of Statistics) United Arab Emirates is considered as t he most state preferred by foreigners who come to invest or who come to seek employment. Those who normally come to invest are professional migrants. The government of United Arab Emirates is trying to come up with a knowledge based economy (Park et al 2006). This means that the demand for foreigners who are more skilled and those foreigners who are professionally educated will double the number of foreigners in United Arab Emirates. (Maurice 17). Islamic religion is not considered much by the foreigners and United Arab Emira

Intercultural Conflict Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intercultural Conflict Analysis - Essay Example Millions of immigrants go to foreign nations every year to find work and living. Labor immigration has become an important aspect to discuss in the world today because of the number of people, states and issues surrounding it. Million of foreign workers seek work in foreign countries such as oil-rich Saudi Arabia and Gulf States as well as the United States of America. According to the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training in Bangladesh, the number of immigrants migrating to Gulf Cooperation Council between 1976 and 2009 are over 5 million. Saudi Arabia and United States are the topmost destinations. International labor market migration has increased in the recent past with countries such as Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Singapore and Mauritius being the newest destination. The rise in international labor market has resulted in an increased complexity with respect to political and human right challenges. As governments struggle in the face of increased political pressure to exercise vigilance in exercising rights and wellbeing of its citizens, conflicts seem to be increasing also. Issues of migrant worker exploitation and increased prejudice against migrant workers, with the later exerting more pressure on the already unpredictable overseas human capital markets. According to International Labor Organization (ILO), the concept of labor exploitation can be understood as rejection of the specific rights pertaining to the immigrant labor in contrast to the guidelines set by National Labor Laws. Labor exploitation includes maltreatment of labor, physical torture & abuse, sexual abuse from employers along with mental and psychological torture among others .

Are Ethnic Minorities Treaded Equally and Justly in the Allocation of Essay

Are Ethnic Minorities Treaded Equally and Justly in the Allocation of Social Housing - Essay Example A further quarter of a million social homes are currently overcrowded. Over recent decades, Rutter and Latorre (2009) indicate that there has been a large reduction in social housing stock in many parts of the UK. This is due to existing tenants exercising their right to buy their properties, and a reduction in the building of new social houses. These changes have also occurred at a time when there has been an increase in the number of households in the UK, caused by greater longevity, marital breakdown, and immigration. For example, UK Census data indicates that the UK’s foreign born population rose from 2.1 million (4.2% of population in 1951) to 4.9 million (8.3% of the population) by 2001. Labour Force Survey (LFS) data from 2007 suggests that the current percentage of foreign born UK citizens stands at around 10.7%. The highest percentage of foreign born people currently residing in the UK come from India (approximately 568,700) according to LFS data. All these factors ha ve contributed to larger social housing waiting lists across the UK and the increase in the rise of migrants and different ethnic minority groups immigrating into the UK has led to a debate surrounding the issue of social housing allocation amongst ethnic minority groups. ... The need for adequate social housing allocation policy is therefore necessary to not only reduce inequality between ethnic groups, but to also promote harmony and a peaceful multicultural society in which people from all ethnic backgrounds can coincide. Before identifying existing evidence of (in)equality, I believe it is important to identify this very term. According to Ratcliffe ‘the notion of (in)equality can relate to objectives, forms/degrees of access and outcomes to particular social structures within society’ (1999:5). For example, in order to get good quality housing, people must also have good access and high achievement in other institutional areas, e.g. education and employment. This suggests that housing allocation and inequality between ethnic groups can be determined by wider socio-demographic factors, i.e. the better grades a person achieves at school, the better likelihood they are to get a well paid job, and as such, the increased likelihood they are t o live in adequate and safe residential neighbourhoods. In order for local authorities and the government to tackle racial inequality within the housing sector, it appears a holistic approach will be needed. Rutter and Lasorre (2009) highlight that attempts to create fair systems for allocating social housing date back to the Housing Act of 1936, in which local authorities were required to give reasonable preference for social housing to applicants who met ‘certain criteria’. After 1945, there was a strong notion that social housing should be provided for the most vulnerable in society. However, it is this ‘certain criteria’ which people had to meet in order to be eligible for social housing which has